Kuyini i-Asthma?
I-asthma yisifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (sesikhathi eside) esithinta imigudu yomoya—amapayipi athwala umoya ungena futhi uphume emaphashini akho. Kubantu abane-asthma, le migudu yomoya ivame ukuvuvukala futhi ibe bucayi. Uma ivezwa ezintweni ezithile, ingavuvukala nakakhulu, futhi imisipha ezungezile ingaqina. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi umoya ugeleze ngokukhululeka, okubangela izimpawu ze-asthma, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma" noma ukubhebhetheka.
Kwenzekani Ngesikhathi Sokuhlaselwa Yi-Asthma?
Le nqubo ihilela izinguquko ezintathu ezibalulekile emigudwini yomoya:
Ukuvuvukala Nokuvuvukala: Ulwelwesi lwendlela yokuphefumula luba bomvu, luvuvuke, futhi lukhiqize i-mucus eningi.
Ukuminyana kwemisipha: Imisipha ezungeze imigudu yomoya iyaqina.
Ukukhiqizwa Okukhuphukile Kwe-Mucus: I-mucus ejiyile ivala imigudu yokuphefumula esivele inciphile.
Uma zizonke, lezi zinguquko zenza izindlela zomoya zibe zincane kakhulu, njengotshani obucindezelwayo. Lokhu kuholela ezimpawini ezihlukile.
Izimpawu Ezivamile
Izimpawu ze-asthma zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu futhi ngezikhathi ezithile. Zihlanganisa:
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Ukuphefumula (umsindo wokukhala noma wokukhikhiza lapho uphefumula)
- Ukuqina kwesifuba noma ubuhlungu
- Ukukhwehlela, ngokuvamile kuba kubi kakhulu ebusuku noma ekuseni kakhulu
Abantu abahlukene banezimbangela ezahlukene. Ezivamile zifaka:
- Izifo ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba: Impova, izibungu zothuli, izinhlayiya zesikhunta, i-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo, imfucuza yama-cockroach.
- Izinto ezicasulayo: Intuthu kagwayi, ukungcola komoya, intuthu enamandla yamakhemikhali, amakha.
- Izifo Zokuphefumula: Umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, izifo ze-sinus.
- Umsebenzi Womzimba: Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungadala izimpawu (Ukuminyana Kwemisipha Okubangelwa Ukuzivocavoca).
- Isimo Sezulu: Umoya obandayo, owomile noma izinguquko ezisheshayo esimweni sezulu.
- Imizwa Eqinile: Ukucindezeleka, ukuhleka, noma ukukhala.
- Imithi Ethile: Njenge-aspirin noma eminye imithi engeyona i-steroidal elwa nokuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) kwabanye abantu.
Ukuxilongwa Nokwelashwa
Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa kwe-asthma. Odokotela bayixilonga ngokusekelwe emlandweni wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu, njenge-spirometry, elinganisa ukuthi ungakhipha umoya ongakanani futhi ngokushesha kangakanani.
Nakuba kungekho ikhambi le-asthma, lingaphathwa kahle kakhulu ngokwelashwa okufanele, okuvumela abantu ukuba baphile impilo egcwele nesebenzayo. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhilela izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemithi:
Imithi Yokulawula Yesikhathi Eside (Izivimbeli): Ithathwa nsuku zonke ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala okuyisisekelo nokuvimbela izimpawu. Evame kakhulu yi-corticosteroids ephefumulwayo (isib. i-fluticasone, i-budesonide).
Imithi Yokusiza Ngokushesha (Ukusindisa): Isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yi-asthma ukunikeza impumuzo esheshayo ngokukhulula imisipha yomoya eqinisiwe. Lawa ngokuvamile ama-beta agonists (ama-SABA) asebenza ngokushesha njenge-albuterol.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphatha ukudala Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwe-Asthma oluqondene nawe nodokotela wakho. Lolu hlelo olubhaliwe luchaza ukuthi yimiphi imithi okufanele uyithathe nsuku zonke, ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu eziya ziba zimbi kakhulu, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe (kufaka phakathi ukuthi kufanele ufune nini ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo) ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa.
Ukuphila Ne-Asthma
Ukuphathwa kwe-asthma okuphumelelayo kudlulela ngale kwemithi:
Thola Futhi Ugweme Izinto Ezibangela Ukugula: Sebenza ukunciphisa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezibangela ukugula ezaziwayo.
Qaphela Ukuphefumula Kwakho: Hlola njalo ukugeleza kwakho okuphezulu (isilinganiso sokuthi umoya uhamba kahle kangakanani emaphashini akho).
Thola Ukugonywa: Ukugonywa komkhuhlane minyaka yonke kanye nokuhlala usesikhathini ngemigomo ye-pneumonia kungavimbela izifo ezingase zibangele ukuhlaselwa.
Hlala Umatasa: Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kuqinisa inhliziyo namaphaphu akho. Sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uphathe izimpawu ezibangelwa ukuvivinya umzimba.
Isikhathi Sokufuna Usizo Oluphuthumayo
Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma:
I-inhaler yakho yokusiza ngokushesha ayinikezi impumuzo noma impumuzo ithatha isikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Uphefumula kanzima, awukwazi ukukhuluma kahle, noma izindebe/izinzipho zakho ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukufundwa kwakho kokugeleza okuphezulu kuse-"red zone" njengoba kuchaziwe ohlelweni lwakho lokusebenza.
Isithombe Esikhulu
I-asthma yisimo esivamile esithinta izigidi emhlabeni wonke, kusukela ezinganeni kuya kubantu abadala. Ngomuthi wesimanje kanye nohlelo oluhle lokuphatha, ukuqubuka kwe-asthma kungavinjelwa, futhi izimpawu zilawulwe. Uma usola ukuthi wena noma othandekayo wakho une-asthma, ukubonisana nomhlinzeki wezempilo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile sokuphefumula kalula.
Ukuvuvukala komoya okungapheli kuyisici esivamile kwezinye izinhlobo ze-asthma, i-cystic fibrosis (CF), i-bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), kanye nesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (COPD).
Ezweni lanamuhla, ukuhlolwa okungahlaseli, okulula, okuphindaphindwayo, okusheshayo, okulula, futhi okungabizi kakhulu okubizwa ngokuthi i-Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), kuvame ukudlala indima ekusizeni ukuhlonza ukuvuvukala komoya, ngaleyo ndlela kusekele ukuhlonza i-asthma lapho kunokungaqiniseki kokuxilonga.
Ukuhlushwa kwe-carbon monoxide engxenyeni yomoya ophumayo (i-FeCO2), okufana ne-FeNO2, kuhlolwe njenge-biomarker yokuphefumula efanelekile yezimo ze-pathophysiological, okuhlanganisa isimo sokubhema, kanye nezifo zokuvuvukala zamaphaphu nezinye izitho.
I-UBREATH Exhalation analyzer (BA810) iyithuluzi lezokwelapha eliklanywe futhi lakhiqizwa yi-e-LinkCare Meditech ukuze lihlotshaniswe nokuhlolwa kwe-FeNO kanye ne-FeCO ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngesilinganiso esisheshayo, esinembile, nesinobuningi ukuze kusizwe ekuxilongweni nasekuphathweni kwezifo ezifana ne-asthma kanye nezinye izifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa yi-chonic.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 16-2025