Isifo Sokuvinjelwa Kwamaphaphu Esingamahlalakhona, esaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-COPD, yisifo samaphaphu esiqhubekayo esenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Igama elithi “Progressive” lisho ukuthi lesi simo siba sibi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Siyimbangela enkulu yokugula nokufa emhlabeni wonke, kodwa futhi singavinjelwa futhi singalawuleka kakhulu. Ukuqonda i-COPD yisinyathelo sokuqala sokulawula impilo yamaphaphu akho.

Kuyini i-COPD? Ukubheka Amaphaphu Ngokujulile

Ukuze uqonde i-COPD, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kanjani. Uma uphefumula, umoya uhamba ngepayipi lakho lomoya (i-trachea) uye emapayipini abizwa ngokuthi i-bronchi, ahlukana abe amapayipi amancane (ama-bronchioles) kuwo wonke amaphaphu akho. Ekupheleni kwala mapayipi kukhona ama-air sac amancane abizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli. Lawa ma-sac ayanwebeka futhi asebenza njengamabhaluni, agcwalisa umoya-mpilo bese ephuma ukuze akhiphe i-carbon dioxide.

I-COPD yigama elihlanganisa ngokuyinhloko izimo ezimbili eziyinhloko, ezivame ukwenzeka ndawonye:

I-Emphysema:Izindonga ze-alveoli ziyalimala futhi ziyabhujiswa. Lokhu kunciphisa indawo engaphezulu yokushintshana kwegesi futhi kubangela ukuthi amaphaphu alahlekelwe ukunwebeka kwawo. Umoya ubhajwa ezikhwameni ezonakele, okwenza kube nzima ukukhipha umoya ngokugcwele.

I-Bronchitis Engapheli:Lokhu kuhilela ukuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside kolwelwesi lwamapayipi e-bronchial. Lokhu kuholela ekukhwehleleni okuqhubekayo nokukhiqizayo (okukhiqiza i-phlegm) okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ngonyaka iminyaka emibili ilandelana. Imigudu yomoya evuvukele iyavuvukala futhi ivalwe yi-mucus.

Kuzo zombili izimo, umphumela uba ukuvinjelwa kokuphuma komoya emaphashini, okuholela ekuphefumulweni okufushane okuphawulekayo.

Izimbangela kanye Nezici Zengozi

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-COPD ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezicasulayo emaphashini ezilimaza amaphaphu. Isici esiyingozi kakhulu yile:

Ukubhema Ugwayi: Lena imbangela enkulu, ebangela iningi lamacala. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ugwayi, ugwayi, amapayipi kanye nokubhema okubhenywayo.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abangabhemi nabo bangaba ne-COPD. Ezinye izinto eziyingozi ezinkulu zifaka:

Ukuchayeka Emsebenzini: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside entuthwini yamakhemikhali, emisipheni, othulini, nakwezinye izinto eziyingozi endaweni yokusebenza (isib., ezimayini, ezindwangu, noma ezakhiweni).

Ukungcola Komoya Kwangaphakathi Nangaphandle: Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, ukushisa amafutha e-biomass (njengezinkuni, imfucuza yezitshalo, noma amalahle) ukuze kuphekwe futhi kufudumale emakhaya angenawo umoya ohlanzekile kuyimbangela enkulu. Ukungcola okukhulu komoya wangaphandle nakho kuyasiza.

Izakhi zofuzo: Isifo esingavamile sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency singabangela i-COPD, ngisho nakubantu abangabhemi. Le phrotheni ivikela amaphaphu, futhi ngaphandle kwayo, amaphaphu asengozini enkulu yokulimala.

Ukuqaphela Izimpawu

Izimpawu ze-COPD zivame ukuba zincane ekuqaleni kodwa ziba zimbi kakhulu njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka. Abantu abaningi baqale bazishaye indiva njengezimpawu zokuguga noma ukungasebenzi kahle komzimba. Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

Ukukhwehlela Okungapheli: Ukukhwehlela okungapheli okungapheli, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “ukukhwehlela komuntu obhemayo.”

Ukukhiqizwa Okukhuphukile Kwe-Mucus: Ukukhwehlela njalo i-sputum (phlegm).

Ukuphelelwa Umoya (Dyspnea): Lolu uphawu oluphawulekayo. Kungase kuqale kwenzeke kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzilolonga kodwa kamuva kungenzeka ngisho nalapho uphumule. Abantu bavame ukukuchaza ngokuthi “ukungakwazi ukuthola umoya owanele.”

Ukuphefumula: Umsindo wokukhala noma wokukhikhiza uma uphefumula.

Ukuqina kwesifuba: Umuzwa wokucinana noma ukucindezeleka esifubeni.

Isici esibalulekile se-COPD “ukukhushulwa,” okuyizigameko lapho izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu ngokuzumayo futhi zihlale izinsuku eziningana. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kokuphefumula (njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane) noma ukungcola komoya. Ukukhushulwa kungaba kubi kakhulu, kudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela, futhi kungasheshisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Ukuxilongwa Nokwelashwa

Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma ubhema noma unomlando wokuchayeka ezintweni ezicasula amaphaphu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela.

Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukuhilela:

I-Spirometry: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu okuvamile. Uphefumula kanzima epayipini elixhunywe emshinini, elilinganisa ukuthi ungakhipha umoya ongakanani nokuthi ungakwenza ngokushesha kangakanani.

I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT Scan: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwezithombe kungaveza i-emphysema futhi kususe ezinye izinkinga zamaphaphu.

Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa kwe-COPD, ukwelashwa kunganciphisa izimpawu, kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila.

1. Izinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila:

Yeka Ukubhema: Lesi yisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu.

Gwema Izinto Ezibangela Ukucasuka Kwamaphaphu: Gwema intuthu ephuma komunye umuntu, ukungcola, kanye nentuthu yamakhemikhali.

2. Imithi:

Ama-Bronchodilator: Lena imithi ephefumulayo ephumuza imisipha ezungeze imigudu yomoya, esiza ukuyivula futhi yenze ukuphefumula kube lula. Ivame ukuthathwa nsuku zonke nge-inhaler.

Ama-Corticosteroids Aphefumulayo: Lawa angasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya futhi avimbele ukubhebhetheka.

Ama-Inhalers Ahlanganisiwe: Lawa aqukethe kokubili i-bronchodilator kanye ne-steroid.

3. Ukuvuselelwa Kwemiphunga:

Lolu uhlelo oluqondene nawe oluhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kokuzivocavoca, iseluleko sokudla okunempilo, kanye nemfundo mayelana nesifo sakho. Lukufundisa indlela yokuphatha isimo sakho ngempumelelo nokuhlala usebenza ngangokunokwenzeka.

4. Ukwelashwa Nge-Oxygen:

Kulabo abane-COPD enzima kanye namazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo egazini, ukusebenzisa umoya-mpilo owengeziwe ekhaya kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusinda, ukunciphisa izinkinga, nokwandisa amandla.

5. Ukugoma:

Imijovo yonyaka yomkhuhlane kanye nomuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal kubalulekile ukuvimbela izifo zokuphefumula ezingabangela ukubhebhetheka okukhulu.

6. Ukuhlinzwa:

Ezimweni ezithile ze-emphysema enzima, izinketho zokuhlinzwa njengokuhlinzwa kokunciphisa umthamo wamaphaphu noma ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu zingacatshangelwa.

Ukuvimbela Kuyisihluthulelo

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-COPD ukungalokothi uqale ukubhema noma ukuyeka uma usuvele ubhema. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunciphisa ukuchayeka othulini nasemakhemikhalini omsebenzi (ukusebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela) nokunciphisa ukuchayeka ekungcoleni komoya wangaphakathi ngokusebenzisa izitofu zokupheka ezihlanzekile nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umoya ungena kahle kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zempilo yomphakathi.

Isiphetho

I-COPD iyisifo esibucayi kodwa esilawulekayo. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuphathwa okusebenzayo kubalulekile. Ngokuqonda izimbangela, ukuqaphela izimpawu, kanye nokunamathela ohlelweni lokwelashwa, abantu abane-COPD bangaphefumula kalula, banciphise ukuqubuka, futhi balondoloze impilo engcono iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Uma usengozini, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.