I-asthma yisimo esibangela ukuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside (okungapheli) emigudwini yakho yomoya. Ukuvuvukala kubenza basabele ezicini ezithile, njengempova, ukuzivocavoca noma umoya obandayo. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlaselwa, imigudwini yakho yomoya iyancipha (i-bronchospasm), ivuvuke futhi igcwale amafinyila. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula noma kukubangele ukukhwehlela noma ukuphefumula. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, lokhu kuvuvukala kungabulala.

Izigidi zabantu e-US nasemhlabeni jikelele zine-asthma. Ingaqala ebuntwaneni noma ikhule uma usumdala. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-bronchial asthma.

Izinhlobo ze-asthma zifaka:

I-asthma ye-allergy:lapho ukungezwani komzimba kubangela izimpawu ze-asthma

I-asthma ehlukahlukene yokukhwehlela:lapho uphawu lwakho lwe-asthma kuphela ukukhwehlela

I-asthma ebangelwa ukuvivinya umzimba: lapho ukuvivinya umzimba kubangela izimpawu ze-asthma

I-asthma yomsebenzi:lapho izinto oziphefumulayo emsebenzini zibangela ukuba ube ne-asthma noma zibangele ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma

I-asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS):uma une-asthma kanye ne-COPD (isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona)

Izimpawu Nezimbangela

Izimpawu ze-asthma zifaka:

● Ukuphelelwa umoya

● Ukuphefumula kanzima

● Ukuqina kwesifuba, ubuhlungu noma ingcindezi

● Ukukhwehlela

Ungase ube ne-asthma isikhathi esiningi (i-asthma engapheli). Noma ungase uzizwe uphilile phakathi nokuhlaselwa yi-asthma (i-asthma engapheli).

Izimbangela ze-asthma

Ochwepheshe abaqiniseki ukuthi yini ebangela i-asthma. Kodwa ungase ube sengozini enkulu uma:

● Phila nokungezwani komzimba noma i-eczema (i-atopy)

● Bachayeke ebuthi, intuthu noma intuthu esetshenziswa ngomunye umuntu noma eyethu (insalela eshiywe ngemuva kokubhema), ikakhulukazi besebancane

● Unomzali ophilayo one-allergies noma i-asthma

● Ngabhekana nezifo zokuphefumula eziphindaphindayo (njenge-RSV) ngesikhathi ngiseyingane

Izimbangela ze-asthma

Izimbangela ze-asthma yinoma yini ebangela izimpawu ze-asthma noma ezenza zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ungase ube nezimbangela ezithile noma eziningi. Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka:

Ukungezwani komzimba: impova, izibungu zothuli, i-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo, nezinye izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba emoyeni

Umoya obandayo:ikakhulukazi ebusika

Ukuzivocavoca:ikakhulukazi umsebenzi womzimba onzima kanye nemidlalo yesimo sezulu esibandayo

Isikhunta: noma ngabe wena'Awunawo umkhuhlane

Ukuchayeka emsebenzini:uthuli lwesarha, ufulawa, iglu, i-latex, izinto zokwakha

Izifo zokuphefumula:umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane kanye nezinye izifo zokuphefumula

Intuthu:ukubhema, intuthu yomuntu obhemayo, intuthu yomuntu obhemayo

Ukucindezeleka: ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo

Amakhemikhali noma amaphunga anamandla: amakha, i-nail polish, izihlanzi zasekhaya, izihlanzi zomoya

Ubuthi emoyeni:ukukhishwa kwegesi efektri, ukukhishwa kwegesi emotweni, intuthu yomlilo wasendle

Izinto ezibangela i-asthma zingase zibangele ukuhlaselwa ngokushesha. Noma kungathatha amahora noma izinsuku ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kuqale ngemva kokuchayeka ku-trigger.

Ukuxilongwa Nokuhlolwa

Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani i-asthma? Udokotela we-allergy noma i-pulmonologist uxilonga i-asthma ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho nokwenza izivivinyo zokusebenza kwamaphaphu. Bazobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nowomndeni. Kungaba usizo ukubazisa ukuthi yini eyenza izimpawu ze-asthma zibe zimbi kakhulu nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini okukusiza uzizwe ungcono.

Umhlinzeki wakho angase anqume ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani futhi akhiphe ezinye izimo nge:

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba noma ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba:Lokhu kunganquma ukuthi ukungezwani komzimba kuyinkinga yini ebangela izimpawu zakho ze-asthma.

Inani legazi: Abahlinzeki bangabheka amazinga e-eosinophil kanye ne-immunoglobulin E (IgE) bese bewaqondisa ekwelashweni uma bewadinga.'Kuphakeme. Ama-Eosinophil kanye ne-IgE kungakhuphuka ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-asthma.

I-Spirometry:Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokusebenza kwamaphaphu okulinganisa ukuthi umoya ugeleza kahle kangakanani emaphashini akho.

Ama-X-ray esifubeni noma ama-CT scan: Lokhu kungasiza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi abheke izimbangela zezimpawu zakho.

Imitha yokugeleza okuphezulu:Lokhu kungalinganisa ukuthi imigudu yakho yomoya inqunyelwe kangakanani ngesikhathi semisebenzi ethile.

Ukuphathwa Nokwelashwa

Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha i-asthma? Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha i-asthma ukugwema noma yiziphi izimbangela ezaziwayo bese usebenzisa imithi yokugcina izindlela zakho zokuphefumula zivulekile. Umhlinzeki wakho angase akunike lokhu:

Ama-inhaler okugcina:Lezi zivame ukuqukethe ama-steroid aphefumulayo anciphisa ukuvuvukala. Ngezinye izikhathi, ahlanganiswa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-bronchodilator (imithi evula indlela yakho yokuphefumula).

I-inhaler yokutakula:Ama-inhaler “okusindisa” asebenza ngokushesha angasiza ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yi-asthma. Aqukethe i-bronchodilator evula ngokushesha imigudu yakho yokuphefumula, njenge-albuterol.

I-nebulizer:Ama-nebulizer afutha inkungu encane yemithi ngemaski ebusweni bakho. Ungasebenzisa i-nebulizer esikhundleni se-inhaler kweminye imithi.

Izilungisi ze-Leukotriene:Umhlinzeki wakho angase akunike iphilisi lansuku zonke ukusiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-asthma kanye nengozi yakho yokuhlaselwa yi-asthma.

Ama-steroid omlomo:Umhlinzeki wakho angase akunikeze inkambo emfushane yama-steroid omlomo ukuze ubhekane nokuvuvukala.

Ukwelashwa nge-biologic: Ukwelashwa okufana nama-antibody e-monoclonal kungasiza ekulweni ne-asthma enzima.

I-thermoplasty ye-bronchial:Uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi, umhlinzeki wakho angase asikisele i-bronchial thermoplasty. Kule nqubo, udokotela wamaphaphu usebenzisa ukushisa ukuze anciphise imisipha ezungeze izindlela zakho zokuphefumula.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-asthma

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzosebenza nawe ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza nge-asthma. Lolu hlelo lukutshela ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani imithi yakho nokuthi ungayisebenzisa nini. Lukutshela nokuthi wenzeni uma unezimpawu ezithile nokuthi ungafuna nini ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo. Cela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuthi akuqondise kukho.